Jan S. Jaworski University of Warsaw, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.IV.18 American historian of Italian descent (his father emigrated from Sicily at the age of 16). He studied history at Ignatius Loyola University in Chicago, where he obtained his doctorate. He worked as a history teacher successively at Loyola College in Montreal, Rosary Read more…
Marcin Grala Pontifical University of John Paul II, Kraków, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.IV.12 (Old Greek: Κωνσταντινούπολις)—the capital of the Byzantine Empire, now Istanbul in Turkey. Constantinople was founded by Emperor Constantine the Great (324–337) on the site of the Greek city of Byzantion, located on the Bosporus and which was a colony Read more…
Joanna Małocha Pontifical University of John Paul II, Kraków, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.IV.5 (Old Greek: ̕Ἔδεσσα, Syriac: Urhay)—a city in south-eastern Turkey; today (since 1984) it is known by its Turkish name Sanlıurfa (Glorious Urfa). Legend has it that Edessa is the first city to be founded after the biblical Flood, while Read more…
Zbigniew Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.IV.1 A town in France, located in the Île-de-France region, now in the Val-d’Oise Department, on the right bank of the Seine in the north-west of the Paris Metropolitan Area. In the Church of St Dionysius in Argenteuil, the Sacred Tunic, which is called Read more…
Zbigniew Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.II.5.4 At present referred to as The Holy Tunic of Argenteuil (French: La Sainte Tunique d’Argenteuil) or as The Seamless Tunic of Our Lord Jesus Christ (French: La Tunique sans couture de Notre-Seigneur Jésus-Christ). The object measures 122 × 90 cm (originally about 148 Read more…
Karolina Aszyk-Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland Zbigniew Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.II.5.1 Referred to nowadays as the Divine Face, Volto Santo, and earlier as the Veronica, Camulia Veil—is an object measuring 17.5 × 24 cm, woven from very thin threads, approximately 100 μm (0.1 mm) thick, with gaps between Read more…
Jan S. Jaworski University of Warsaw, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.II.3 The chemical studies were conducted to determine the chemical composition of the various ‘marks’ visible on the Shroud: body image, blood stains, water stains and burns. The research involved both the qualitative and quantitative determination of the content of various elements and Read more…
Wojciech Kucewicz AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.II.2.4 A separate problem that intrigues researchers is the age of the Shroud. Its documented history is known from 1356, when the crusader Geoffrey de Charny gave it to the canons in Read more…
Karolina Aszyk-Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland Zbigniew Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.I.13.2 At the end of the 1970s, the American sindonologist John P. Jackson posited that the Shroud of Turin clearly influenced the origin of many representations of Christ, especially those deriving from the Imago Pietatis canon (Latin for Read more…
Karolina Aszyk-Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland Zbigniew Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.I.13.1 The name mandylion (Old Greek: μανδύλιον—‘towel, handkerchief, tablecloth’) refers to one of the oldest painting canons in Christian iconography. This is also how the well-known object, which is referred to as the Mandylion of Edessa due to Read more…