Jan S. Jaworski University of Warsaw, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.IV.18 American historian of Italian descent (his father emigrated from Sicily at the age of 16). He studied history at Ignatius Loyola University in Chicago, where he obtained his doctorate. He worked as a history teacher successively at Loyola College in Montreal, Rosary Read more…
Joanna Małocha Pontifical University of John Paul II, Kraków, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.IV.5 (Old Greek: ̕Ἔδεσσα, Syriac: Urhay)—a city in south-eastern Turkey; today (since 1984) it is known by its Turkish name Sanlıurfa (Glorious Urfa). Legend has it that Edessa is the first city to be founded after the biblical Flood, while Read more…
Karolina Aszyk-Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland Zbigniew Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.II.5.1 Referred to nowadays as the Divine Face, Volto Santo, and earlier as the Veronica, Camulia Veil—is an object measuring 17.5 × 24 cm, woven from very thin threads, approximately 100 μm (0.1 mm) thick, with gaps between Read more…
Jan S. Jaworski University of Warsaw, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.II.3 The chemical studies were conducted to determine the chemical composition of the various ‘marks’ visible on the Shroud: body image, blood stains, water stains and burns. The research involved both the qualitative and quantitative determination of the content of various elements and Read more…
Wojciech Kucewicz AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.II.2.4 A separate problem that intrigues researchers is the age of the Shroud. Its documented history is known from 1356, when the crusader Geoffrey de Charny gave it to the canons in Read more…
Karolina Aszyk-Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland Zbigniew Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.I.13.1 The name mandylion (Old Greek: μανδύλιον—‘towel, handkerchief, tablecloth’) refers to one of the oldest painting canons in Christian iconography. This is also how the well-known object, which is referred to as the Mandylion of Edessa due to Read more…
Józef Naumowicz Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.I.12.1 (Old Chruch Slavonic: плащаница, Old Greek: ἐπιτάφιος, epi-taphios, i.e. ‘over-tomb’; also: cloak, epitaphios, shroud)—a decorative cloth with a painted or embroidered image of the deceased Christ lying in the tomb, which is carried during Holy Week in a procession that represents Read more…
Tomasz Graff Pontifical University of John Paul II, Kraków, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.I.6 There are many ideas in the scholarly literature explaining what happened to the Shroud after the armies of the Fourth Crusade sacked Constantinople in 1204 and transported it to Athens. Some of this conjecture, based on sources from the Read more…
Marcin Grala Pontifical University of John Paul II, Kraków, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.I.5 The Shroud of Turin probably has ancient origins, but it is very difficult for historians to reconstruct its fate over so many years. The best documented period of the history of the linen, which is now kept in Turin, Read more…
Krzysztof Pilarczyk Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.I.4 Sindonology deals not only with the Shroud of Turin, but also with the history of the shroud of Jesus in antiquity and the Middle Ages, and attempts to relate all this to the Shroud of Turin. The literary material featuring the topos Read more…