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Borromeo Charles (1538–1584)

Bartłomiej Wołyniec Pontifical University of John Paul II, Kraków, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.IV.2 Saint of the Catholic Church (beatified in 1602, canonised in 1610), cardinal (from 1560), administrator (from 1560) and then archbishop metropolitan of Milan (from 1564), one of the main reformers of the Church in the spirit of the Council Read more…

Chemical Analyses of the Shroud

Jan S. Jaworski University of Warsaw, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.II.3 The chemical studies were conducted to determine the chemical composition of the various ‘marks’ visible on the Shroud: body image, blood stains, water stains and burns. The research involved both the qualitative and quantitative determination of the content of various elements and Read more…

The Shroud in Turin

Krzysztof Sadło Polish Syndonological Centre, Kraków, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.I.9 The Shroud owes its appellation “of Turin” to the fact that it has been kept and exhibited in Turin since 1578. It found its way there itself there mainly due to the will of its owners—the Savoia family (the House of Savoy)—who Read more…

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