Karolina Aszyk-Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland Zbigniew Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.II.5.1 Referred to nowadays as the Divine Face, Volto Santo, and earlier as the Veronica, Camulia Veil—is an object measuring 17.5 × 24 cm, woven from very thin threads, approximately 100 μm (0.1 mm) thick, with gaps between Read more…
Jan S. Jaworski University of Warsaw, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.II.3 The chemical studies were conducted to determine the chemical composition of the various ‘marks’ visible on the Shroud: body image, blood stains, water stains and burns. The research involved both the qualitative and quantitative determination of the content of various elements and Read more…
Wojciech Kucewicz AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.II.2.4 A separate problem that intrigues researchers is the age of the Shroud. Its documented history is known from 1356, when the crusader Geoffrey de Charny gave it to the canons in Read more…
Wojciech Kucewicz AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland Jakub S. Prauzner-Bechcicki Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.II.2.3 The first photograph of the Shroud taken by →Secondo Pia in 1898 is a turning point for hypotheses explaining the origin of the image on it. Prior to it, there were Read more…
Karolina Aszyk-Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland Zbigniew Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.I.13.2 At the end of the 1970s, the American sindonologist John P. Jackson posited that the Shroud of Turin clearly influenced the origin of many representations of Christ, especially those deriving from the Imago Pietatis canon (Latin for Read more…
Karolina Aszyk-Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland Zbigniew Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.I.13.1 The name mandylion (Old Greek: μανδύλιον—‘towel, handkerchief, tablecloth’) refers to one of the oldest painting canons in Christian iconography. This is also how the well-known object, which is referred to as the Mandylion of Edessa due to Read more…
Zbigniew Treppa University of Gdansk, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.I.13 In Christian iconography, there are various canons of depicting the image of Christ. It was not until the late 1930s that the origins of the images of Christ began to be scientifically clarified. In 1902, the French scholar Paul Vignon, in his work Read more…
Józef Naumowicz Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.I.12.1 (Old Chruch Slavonic: плащаница, Old Greek: ἐπιτάφιος, epi-taphios, i.e. ‘over-tomb’; also: cloak, epitaphios, shroud)—a decorative cloth with a painted or embroidered image of the deceased Christ lying in the tomb, which is carried during Holy Week in a procession that represents Read more…
Józef Naumowicz Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University, Warsaw, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.I.12 The motif of the shroud, the linen in which the body of Jesus was wrapped before being laid in the tomb, appears in the Eucharist, which is called the Divine Liturgy, the Mass, etc., depending on the Christian denomination. This cloth Read more…
Krzysztof Sadło Polish Syndonological Centre, Kraków, Poland https://doi.org/10.12797/9788381388368.I.9.3 The first pope to comment on the Shroud was Antipope Clement VII. He did so several times in the second half of the 14th century, i.e. at the time of the Western Schism (the obedience of Avignon) in the form of bulls Read more…